The lever rule is a concept in physical chemistry and materials science that is used to calculate the composition of a two-phase mixture, such as a solid-liquid or a liquid-vapor mixture, based on the relative amounts of each phase. The lever rule is based on the principle of conservation of mass, and it states that the proportion of one phase in a mixture is proportional to its distance from a reference point along a line that connects the compositions of the two phases.
More specifically, the lever rule is used to calculate the fraction of a given component in a two-phase mixture, assuming that the two phases are in thermodynamic equilibrium and that the total amount of the component is conserved across both phases. The lever rule can be represented graphically as a lever that pivots around a fixed point, with one arm representing the proportion of one phase and the other arm representing the proportion of the other phase. By knowing the composition of the two phases and the total amount of the component, the lever rule can be used to determine the fraction of the component in each phase.
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